CCMAS Course Search

Introduction to the trunk; thoracic cage; intercostal space; thoracic cavity; pleural cavities; lungs; mediastinum general; anterior & superior mediastinum; middle; mediastinum – heart and pericardium; heart – applied anatomy; posterior mediastinum. General anatomy of abdomen and abdominal regions; anterior abdominal wall muscles; inguinal canal – inguinal and femoral hernias; peritoneal cavity and spaces; abdominal oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, appendix; portal venous system; portocaval anastomoses; liver and gallbladder. Pancreas and biliary apparatus; kidneys, suprarenal glands, and ureters; diaphragm; posterior abdominal wall; aorta and inferior vena cava; posterior abdominal wall muscles; lumbosacral plexus; bony and ligamentous pelvis; pelvic diaphragm (floor); male reproductive organs; female reproductive organs; male and female external genitalia; perineum; rectum and anal canal; pelvic blood vessels; abdomino-pelvic nervous system.

Descriptive terms, plans and terms of relationship of the human body, terms of comparison, attachment of muscles, types of muscles, movements of joints. Osteology, principles of kinesiology, general organization of body system. Cutaneous innervation of the upper limb; pectoral region; breast; axilla; shoulder region; arm and cubital fossa; flexor compartment of forearm; extensor compartment of forearm; hand; venous and lymphatic drainage of the upper limb. Applied anatomy of nerves; blood supply of the upper limb. Cutaneous innervation of the lower limb; femoral triangle; adductor canal and medial side of the thigh; gluteal region; back of the thigh, popliteal fossa; extensor compartment of the leg and dorsum of the foot; peroneal and flexor compartment of the leg; sole of the foot, arches of the foot; mechanism of walking; venous and lymphatic drainage of the lower limb; applied anatomy of the nerves and blood supply to the lower limb.

Identification of the anatomical parts of the human body; Explaination of the following human anatomical terms; coronal plane, sagittal plane, medial, Lateral, superior, inferior. Draw annotated diagram of the human limbs – leg to show bones or joints; muscles. Draw annotated diagram of the human to body to show bones; limbs and muscle. Description of the function of the various bones, joints and muscles and their interaction in human movement. The planes and reference point of the human body. Types of joints in the body such as Upper & Lower limb joints; functions of the various joints in the body. The interactive biomechanical forces of the body. Various joints of the body using the full skeleton. Major muscles of the upper and lower limbs. Functions of the action of the various muscles of the body; agonistic and antagonists of the muscle action in the upper and lower limbs of the human body. Definition of terms: gait cycle, heel strike, stance phase, swing phase, toe-off. Description of the sub-divisions of the stance phase thus: Heel strike, Foot – flat, Mid – Stance, Push – Off. Description of the sub-divisions of the swing phase: (a) acceleration, mid-swing, deceleration. Description of the normal and abnormal human locomotion; human gait cycle. Explaination of normal and abnormal human gait cycle. Determination of the division of gait cycle. Definiton of the word “forces” and its application to various joints and muscle activity. Various forces in the upper and lower joints and muscles. Forces involved in normal human locomotion and gait cycle. Demonstration of the action of the gravitational force to joint motions in human locomotion. Explaination of the forces involved in walking; muscles that generate forces in various joints necessary for the following: support, balance, locomotion in relation to both upper and lower limbs; effect of external forces on normal human locomotion. Demonstration of the effect of external forces on normal human locomotion. POT 303, POT 305, POT 306 Learning Outcomes At the end of the course, student should be able to: 1. compare and contrast strategies for clinical assessment of patients and describe appropriate investigative techniques including patient history taking and physical examination; 2. recognise and describe the signs and symptoms of the most common pathologies which require orthotic solutions including, etiology, clinical presentation, prognosis and appropriate device management; 3. distinguish between the physical characteristics of the limbs and discuss the relative implication for device design; 4. describe and compare temporospatial and kinematics characteristics of normal and pathological gait and use this information to justify the selection and design of appropriate devices; 5. discuss biomechanical force systems and use these principles in generating an appropriate orthotic prescription; 6. describe the mechanics of materials and be able to apply these concepts to the design and construction of devices; 7. compare and contrast the functional characteristics of orthotic components. 8. formulate appropriate orthotic and prosthetic prescriptions for wide range clinical situations; 9. appreciate and describe the roles of key members of the rehabilitation team and identify how they interrelate with the Prosthetist/ Orthotist; 10. assess the medical condition of a patient related to their orthotic/ p r os t h et ic management using appropriate investigative techniques which include patient history taking and clinical testing; 11. formulate an optimal orthotic solution using information from the patient assessment, other members of the rehabilitation team, medical charts; 12. communicate and discuss patient goals and expectations and discuss and debate the orthotic or prosthetic management with the patient, co-workers and other members of the rehabilitation team; 13. reliably measure and capture a positive cast or image of clients’ appendage while correctly positioning the body part and if appropriate apply the necessary corrective force system; 14. create the final design of the orthosis through modification of the positive cast and/or tracing of the body part or, when indicated, measure and fit prefabricated devices; 15. identify, prescribe and justify selection of appropriate materials and componentry in the construction of the device; 16. construct the device using appropriate fabrication techniques in preparation for the initial fitting; 17. fit the device to the patient using static and dynamic functional criteria established from the original assessment; 18. evaluate the quality of the device fit to ensure the appropriate interface contouring, force application and trimlines; 19. identify problems related to device fit and/or alignment and be able to suggest and implement appropriate correction; 20. assess and solve orthotic problems as part of long-term patient care; 21. maintain accurate records of patient treatment and follow up as well as confidentiality of such information; 22. communicate effectively with patient, co-workers, and other health care professionals in such a manner that will ensure the highest quality of service and reflect a professional attitude on the part of the student; and 23. educate the client and/or caregiver on use, care and function of the device.

Description of different types of amputation. Stump and socket design. Different types of stump in Patients; magnitude of pressure between stump and socket; typical stump/socket pressure. importance of the shape of the Socket to the stump pressure distribution. Bench alignment procedures in prosthesis; component required for alignment. Procedures in prosthesis such as knee component, foot component, socket component insert. Assemble the component identified. Explaination of term “static (standing) alignment” and dynamic (walking) alignment. Demonstration of the bench alignment, static alignment and dynamic alignment on patients. Pathological gait and pattern in a patient such as dipping gait, lateral trunk, bending, vaulting and many others; the causes of the pathological gaits; Orthotic devices for the treatment of each of the patterns in the pathological gait. Orthosis and major types; functions and hazards of orthosis; functions of the following orthotic devices; ankle foot orthosis, knee-ankle foot orthosis, Hip-knee-ankle foot orthosis, orthopaedic shoes, and assistive locomotive aid. Definition of the following: bench alignment, dynamic alignment, static alignment with effect on muscle action of human body. The Law of inert a, momentum and its application to normal- human locomotion. Use of the functional terminal devices in upper limb prosthesis and orthosis. Description of body alignment to prosthetic and orthotic fitting. Definition of normal gait; pathological gait; phases of gait cycle; types of gait cycle; gait deviations; qualitative and quantitative gait variables; different gaits patterns associated with lower limb amputees; ways normal gait can be achieved in patients with lower limb amputees.

Pathology of diseases. Cellular basis of disease. Inflammation and healing. Immune mechanism, physical agents in injury and disease, drug and chemical injury, radiation injury, atrophy, hypertrophy, degeneration, oedema, thrombosis, infarction, bacterial and viral disease, fungal infections, tumours, cancers and inherited disease.

Sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology). English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations). Sentence in English (types: structural and functional, simple and complex). Grammar and Usage (tense, mood, modality and concord, aspects of language use in everyday life). Logical and Critical Thinking and Reasoning Methods (Logic and Syllogism, Inductive and Deductive Argument and Reasoning Methods, Analogy, Generalisation and Explanations). Ethical considerations, Copyright Rules and Infringements. Writing Activities: (Pre-writing, Writing, Post writing, Editing and Proofreading; Brainstorming, outlining, Paragraphing, Types of writing, Summary, Essays, Letter, Curriculum Vitae, Report writing, Note making and many others. Mechanics of writing). Comprehension Strategies: (Reading and types of Reading, Comprehension Skills, 3RsQ). Information and Communication Technology in modern Language Learning. Language skills for effective communication. Major word formation processes. Writing and reading comprehension strategies. Logical and critical reasoning for meaningful presentations. Art of public speaking and listening.

Computer-Aided Design (CAD). CAD Hardware and Software; The Drawing Tools; Design management; Introduction to 3-D Design, 3 D Modeling; The printing and plotting process. Design of Prosthetics and Orthotics and other Biomedical products.

Presentation of a paper by each student on an approved topic at a Departmental colloquium.

Elementary set theory; subset, union, intersection, complements, venn diagrams. Real numbers; Integers, Rational and Irrational numbers, mathematical, induction, Sequences and Series, Theory of Quadratic equations, Binomial theorem. Complex numbers; Algebra of complex numbers; the Argand Diagram. De-Moivre’s theorem, nth roots of unity, Circular measure, Trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude, addition and factor formulae.

Function of a real variable, graph, limits and idea of continuity. The derivative as limit of rate of change. Techniques of differentiation. Extreme curve sketching; Integration as an inverse of differentiation. Methods of integration, definite integrals. Application to areas and volumes.